Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park , before declared as a National Park mountainous highland of Bromo Tengger Semeru is a forest area with many functions like Strict Nature Reserve Recreation Forest , Protection Forest and Production Forest . Declaration of Bromo Tengger Semeru area as a National Park is based on some considerations i. e: rare and endemic flora habitat of migrant wildlife, unique ecosystem, active volcano, scenery of nature cultural and traditional lives of local people as a catchment area for water resources around the area etc.

The Area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park covers 50,273.30 hectares of mountainous highland and vertily valley between 1,000 - 3,676 M above sea level. The area is dominated by mountainous trees are also 4 lakes inside namely: Ranu Pani (4 Ha), Ranu Regulo (0.75 Ha), Ranu Kumbolo (14 Ha) and Ranu Darungan (0.50 Ha). Geografically the area lies between 7'54'' - 8'13'' South Latitude and 112'51'' - 113'4'' East Longitude on the globe.

The vegetation of the park area consists of four main vegetation types: Highland Forest , Alvin Forest , Casuarina Forest and Grassland. It is predicted about 600 species of flora in the park. The common species are: Casuarina junghuhniana, Vaccinium varingaefolium, Albitzia lomphata, Acasia decurens, Anaphalis javanica.

At the southern part of Mt. Semeru there are about 157 species of orchids. And also endemic species in the park.  Little information about wildlife in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park is recorded. They're only about 16 species of Mammals and 70 species of Birds.  The Mammals are: Wild Pig, Timor Deer, Barking Deer, Panther, Silver Leaf Monkey, Common Porcupine etc.  The common birds are : Hornbill, Banded Pitta, Crested Spent Eagle, and Australian Grey Duck at Ranu Pani and Ranu Kumbolo.